How business students are chasing careers in a changed world
How business students are chasing careers in a changed world
In February, masters in management (MiM) student Zoe Brain was in the midst of the selection process for three graduate programmes at supply chain and logistics management companies. Over the next few months, as the Covid-19 pandemic took hold, those positions “just disappeared”.
Refusing to panic, Brain used her time in lockdown at home in Cumbria, north-west England, to look for new options. In January she will begin a masters in education back at Durham University, where she studied for her MiM in the business school. After this, she plans to qualify as a languages teacher and use the MiM to advance into education management. “You just have to deal with adversity, get on with it and find the positive,” she says.
Brain’s resilience and adaptability exemplify the response to Covid-19 across the MiM sector. While students altered plans where necessary, careers advisers rapidly shifted to online-only support. Now, despite predictions of a deep global recession, many students and staff are optimistic that opportunities remain, both in job prospects and the development of career services.
Covid-19 has hit industries such as travel, hospitality and retail hard. The initial impact on others, including traditional hunting grounds for MiM graduates, has been less severe. “Our research shows that areas such as professional services, technology, pharmaceuticals and healthcare, and consulting — particularly in consultancies that work with a diverse portfolio of industries — seem to be faring reasonably well at the moment,” says Alison Collins, careers manager for masters programmes at Warwick Business School. “This is good news for MiM students, as many go into these industries, particularly consulting.”
Indeed, the technology sector has proved opportune for Italian student Elisa Bollettino, who is finishing her MiM programme from Bocconi University in Milan while interning at Tink, a fintech start-up in Stockholm. Likewise Marie-Sophie Busschots, who studied at Vlerick Business School, moved from Belgium to Barcelona in July to join the graduate programme at software company VMware.
MiM courses teach strengths and skills important in a difficult job market, says Professor Massimo Magni, director of the MSc in international management at Bocconi University. “Adaptability on one hand and resilience on the other helps,” he says, “first to bounce back if something happens, and then to adapt and find something different.”
Business school careers departments have also demonstrated these qualities, rapidly switching their provision from primarily face-to-face to online. This includes holding career coaching sessions with videoconferencing software, such as Zoom and Microsoft Teams, and supporting students on messenger services such as email and WeChat.
Even careers workshops, seminars and fairs have moved into the digital realm. Bocconi University, for example, launched Virtual Bocconi&Jobs, the first digital version of its careers fair. Students could explore employers’ virtual booths, which included information about the company, vacancies and the opportunity to communicate with recruiters.
While born of necessity, the digital transformation has brought benefits. Online channels have allowed the careers service to provide “a more seamless support system”, according to Tim McCollum, careers consultant at Durham University Business School.
In some cases, access to employers has been expanded. “We have more career events compared with the past because companies — not just locally but regionally too — can present their opportunities via the online platform,” says John Lai, director of the MSc in management at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Over the next year, as recruitment migrates online further, students will need to develop new virtual communication skills to impress employers. Vlerick Business School, for example, will run next year’s mock assessment centre day online rather than in person to help students prepare, according to Professor Kerstin Fehre, programme director of the school’s MiM.
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology is employing machine learning to support students in the switch to online recruitment. The school already has an artificial intelligence platform that scans students’ CVs for keywords to help applications pass screening tools. Now, it is using AI to assess and improve students’ performance in video interviews.
Students record answers and the platform uses facial-recognition technology to analyse eye contact, emotion and gestures, for instance. “It will give students suggestions to help them speak in front of a camera more naturally,” says Raymond Xiao, assistant director of the careers team for MSc programmes at HKUST. The technology will also help students improve the structure of their answers and avoid repetition, he adds.
For all the optimism, challenges remain. Suyash Agarwal has been finishing his MiM from Warwick Business School remotely, staying with his family in India. He secured an internship in the UK last December but is still waiting to hear about his start date. Job hunting is also tough: Agarwal says that in 60-70 per cent of cases, he receives no response to applications.
Even so, an indomitable spirit is again apparent.
“I believe I am lucky to be going through this,” he says. “Tougher steel is forged in the hottest fire.”
Published at Sun, 27 Sep 2020 18:56:15 +0000
New Brain-Computer Interface Transforms Thoughts to Images
Achieving the next level of brain-computer interface (BCI) advancement, researchers at the University of Helsinki used artificial intelligence (AI) to create a system that uses signals from the brain to generate novel images of what the user is thinking and published the results earlier this month in Scientific Reports.
“To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use neural activity to adapt a generative computer model and produce new information matching a human operator’s intention,” wrote the Finnish team of researchers.
The brain-computer interface industry holds the promise of innovating future neuroprosthetic medical and health care treatments. Examples of BCI companies led by pioneering entrepreneurs include Bryan Johnson’s Kernel and Elon Musk’s Neuralink.
Studies to date on brain-computer interfaces have demonstrated the ability to execute mostly limited, pre-established actions such as two-dimensional cursor movement on a computer screen or typing a specific letter of the alphabet. The typical solution uses a computer system to interpret brain-signals linked with stimuli to model mental states. Seeking to create a more flexible, adaptable system, the researchers created an artificial system that can imagine and output what a person is visualizing based on brain signals. The researchers report that their neuroadaptive generative modeling approach is “a new paradigm that may strongly impact experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience.”
The University of Helsinki researchers used a combination of a generative neural network with neuroadaptive brain interfacing to create a new BCI paradigm. Neuroadaptive generative modeling is the estimation of a person’s intentions via adapting a generative model to neural activity. To expand capabilities and not be limited to pre-defined categories, the researchers based the solution on a generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate novel information from a latent representation of an input space.
Generative adversarial networks are a relatively recent innovation in artificial intelligence machine learning where two artificial neural networks simultaneously train one another by competing. Backpropagation is applied to the dueling neural networks. GANs enable machines to imagine and create their own novel images. Brain activity is used to adjust the latent space to provide an unlimited output of possible samples.
In this study, 31 participants were instructed to passively watch images and mentally focus on the images that match certain criteria as their brain activity was recorded by non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG). The participants were tasked to complete eight facial category recognition tasks by focusing on faces that matched the categories of smiling, not smiling, blond or dark hair, young, old, female, or male. The brain responses were divided by participant into training and testing data.
A classifier separated the brain responses in the testing set based on the criteria of relevant or irrelevant images. The vectors of the relevant images where fed to the intention model which generated a visualization of the mental target. Thus, the participant’s neural reactions parameterize an intentional model that can be used to generate novel images to illustrate a person’s perceptual categories. Then the computer-generated images were evaluated by the participants for validation.
“Our experiment provided strong evidence that neuroadaptive modelling is highly effective in generating previously non-existing information matching the human operator’s intended perceptual categories,” the researchers wrote.
The worldwide brain-computer interface market is projected to grow over the next seven years at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.5 percent to reach of USD 3.7 billion in revenue by 2027 according to Grand View Research. Brain-computer interface advancements may one day help treat a variety of brain disorders and diseases such as dementia, epilepsy, paralysis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and sleep disorders. With each new innovative discovery, science breaks existing limits with novel paradigms in hopes of a better future ahead.
Copyright © 2020 Cami Rosso. All rights reserved.
Published at Sun, 27 Sep 2020 18:33:45 +0000
